Social Security Death Index
by: Brian Bonner Mavrogeorge
The Social Security Death Index (SSDI), an often-used source of
information, is more formally known as the index to the Social
Security Administration Death Master File. The file is created
from Social Security Administration (SSA) payment records and
includes for each decedent (if the information is available to
the SSA): name, Social Security number (SSN), date of birth, date
of death, state where the SSN was issued, ZIP code of the last
residence, and ZIP code of where the death benefit was sent.
Because the SSA records were not automated until the 1960s, the
index only covers deaths since about 1962. It may include a few
earlier records, but there hasn't been any concerted effort on
the part of the SSA to enter older information.
There are many reasons why a person might not be in the SSDI:
- File has an estimated three per cent error rate.
- Person might not have had a Social Security number.
- Information might have been reported incorrectly.
- SSA might not have been notified of the person's death.
- Person might have changed his or her name.
- Person might have used a different spelling of his or
her name.
- Person might have died before the SSA put its records
on the computer.
If you do find someone, the data can provide clues for further
research.
- Surname and given name. Use these to confirm the customary
spellings of deceased's names.
- SSN. Use to confirm that your information is targeted to the
right individual, and/or to help establish legal rights to
information and benefits.
- State where SSN was issued. Although not 100% accurate, it
can aid in pinpointing where an individual resided at that time
and where additional information might be available.
- Date of birth and death. Use these to confirm, correct, or
clarify information.
- State where the individual died. Use to find additional
records and perhaps determine a previous residence.
- ZIP codes for where the death payment was sent. In 1981 the
$255 death payment was restricted to spouses and dependent
children only. Sometimes individuals travel to other locations
for assisted care or for medical treatment before their deaths.
This information can lead to hospital records or other pertinent
information.
Don't rely just on the SSDI. As a genealogist you want to check
the original records whenever possible. Order a copy of the
original Social Security number application from the SSA. It will
have the applicant's name, complete birth date and place, and
often the parents' names. Since several states did not require
birth certificates until the early or mid-1900s, the SSN
application data could be used in lieu of a birth certificate.
The SSDI can point you in the right direction for gathering
additional information, including ordering a copy of a death
certificate from a state or county vital records office.
The information on each state's death certificate varies, but
unless the actual record is ordered you won't know.
How did I know this? Not from memory. I simply clicked on HELP in
the Social Security Death Index viewer supplied with Ultimate
Family Tree Platinum. It not only has
tips on how the search functions, but also has information on
the content of the data. Sometimes HELP really is help!
